Review Blog (The Civil War and Changes in Post Cold War America)

The Civil War 
Question: In what ways did African Americans shape the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your answer from 1861 to 1870. 

As the Civil War began in 1861, there were many political reasons for which it began as well as the effects that were seen affected by the institution of slavery itself. Although it is widely taught that President Lincoln and the North immersed themselves in the fight for freedom, this was not entirely true.The North fought to preserve the Union and their values, while the south fought to preserve their southern values and their inalienable state rights. However, the corroboration of African Americans throughout the Civil War led to the significant alteration of the goals of the war, and later to the contribution of the new politics that followed post war.
From Source A, we see the question stated by Major Butler, "are they free?", referring to the fugitive slaves. and if so, "what do I do with them?". At the beginning of the war, when slavery was not the main point, many individuals asked the same question as Butler. Many people also adopted slaves as servants, cooks and soldiers. As the Union began to realize the usefulness of the slaves, the course of the war began to shift. The heart and the dedication of the African Americans who refused to "leave this land" in favor of heeding "the call to our suffering country", the North began to make abolition the primary goal of the war (Source B). By thrusting themselves in the war effort, African Americans changed the course of the war based upon political disagreements and state power into a wart to "terminate and forever prohibit" slavery (Source D)
This change was apparent when Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation. While this declaration only freed slaves in the areas of rebellion, it exhibited the change in purpose, and showed a moral side to the war that had not been shown before.Whereas Lincoln had taken a stance of neutrality, ("If I could end this war by freeing the slaves I would") the eagerness of African Americans to "stake their lives for us" ultimately persuaded him to make them a promise of freedom (Doc C). Furthermore, the willing participation and cooperation of the African Americans in the Civil War alongside the hopes of gaining their liberties caused a completely new course for the Union to follow. 
The outcome of the Civil War differed from what had been previously expected. What had once been focused upon the reformation of the U.S. and the institution of slavery in he new territories, now shone the light on the appeasement of the South. From the Republican Party of 1864, the creation of the 13th Amendment was necessary. Had African Americans not pushed as hard as they did, this would not have been so. The eventual creation and addition of the 14th and 15th Amendments which granted the voting rights and citizenship of African Americans only increased the aggravation of the South (Source H). The government was forced to focus the majority of LBJ's presidency on Reconstruction. African Americans were also supporters of Reconstruction, as shown by their involvement in the constitutional conventions (Doc J). Although grandfather causes and poll taxes eventually curtailed this involvement, African Americans were able to gain full citizenship and suffrage. Such feats would have been near impossible had they not become part of the war.\
African American involvement during the Civil War aided in changing the focus onto freedom which led to political change as the war drew to a close. Without this, America would not be the image of inalienable rights granted to the U.S. by the U.S. Constitution.

Key Terms
freedmen- former slaves who helped other slaves become free
Ku Klux Klan- white supremacist group
Copperheads- group of democrats who wanted peace with the confederates
fugitive slaves- wanted slaves



*NOTE
NO KEY TERMS OR ESSAY FOR POST COLD WAR AMERICA
CHECK PRESENTATIONS

Bob Dylan: Musician / The Chicago 7 Trial

 

     Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24th, 1941 in the city of Duluth, Minnesota. He grew up to become a musician, focusing on the genre of American rock and roll;  he performed with the pseudonym Bob Dyan at various clubs, eventually permanently changing it to his name. What was so influential about his presence in the music industry was his lyrics, which many regarded as not only catchy words but a type of literature unto itself. He wrote about important social issues as well as real life events, which captured and inspired the nation. He became an activist singer at the urge of his then girlfriend Suze Rotolo who's parents were union organizers and volunteers; his first activist song was "The Death of Emmett Till". He believed in the power of songs, the power that they could create and effect change in the world and in people's hearts.
    He wrote many songs that were concerned with racial issues such as "Oxford Town" (about the admittance of a black man into and all white school), but his song "Blowin' in the Wind" was the song to put him on the map as not only an activist but a popular singer as well; this now extended his influence and power to get his message out to people. However, because of the fact that so many Americans were beginning to endorse the Vietnam war, Dylan wrote to show his disapproval and his protests. He wrote the song "The Times Are A'Changing" before the public began to protest the war in 1963, which included many controversial lyrics such as "Come mothers and fathers/throughout the land/and don't criticize/what you can't understand/your sons and daughters are beyond your command." He was expressing the emotions parents were feeling such as anger and frustration at their helplessness while their children were sent to an unknown country to fight for a stupid war. Again, he believed in the power of music to send out his message to end the war and the suffering of millions of innocent soldiers.
    Much of the critique of Bob Dylan stemmed from whether or not he truly advocated for the things he sang about; whether or not he sang for the people of for the money. While many believe it was for the money, it was assured that he sang from the heart. He was also accused of lyric plagiarism, which was disputed and dissolved.


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    The Chicago 7 trial, or also known as the Conspiracy Seven, was a group of 7 defendants (Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner) who were charged with conspiracy and inciting a riot among other things. They attempted these crimes during the 1968 Democratic National Convention. The eighth member had his trial cut during the proceedings.
     These young people were accused of breaking the Rap Brown law, which stated it was illegal to cross state lines in order to riot or conspire to use interstate commerce to incite rioting. They also organized protest marches and rock concerts at the Democratic National Convention, where conflicts between the police and the protesters turned into a full-blown riot. This also included the commonly used tear gas and police beating, as shared by every other riot; the press was there as well, denouncing the supposed overreaction by the police. Bobby Seale, mentioned above, was a defendant who protested loudly in the courtroom against the judge, calling him racist after he was not allowed a separate trial (he wanted his own lawyer who was recovering from surgery). Seale was eventually given a separate trial, after being gagged, and given 48 months in jail.
     The other activists were encouraged to follow Seale's actions; they disrupted the trial as much as they could. Eventually they were found in contempt and sentenced to 29 months in jail. Kunstler, one of the seven, was given 4 years for referring to the judge's courtroom as a "medieval torture chamber". Five of the seven protesters were given lesser charges. From the testimony of the Timothy Leary, we also find a recount of the how he became aquainted with Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.

(Video of the Chicago 8)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_a-sFuzmloE

(Testimony of Timothy F. Leary, a Democratic candidate for Gov in Cali. )
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/chicago7/leary.html